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A. Hari Reddi
A. Hari Reddi (born October 20, 1942) is a Distinguished Professor and holder of the Lawrence J. Ellison Endowed Chair in Musculoskeletal Molecular Biology at the University of California, Davis.〔http://www.ucdmc.ucdavis.edu/publish/facultybio/orthopaedics/faculty/54〕 He was previously the Virginia M. and William A. Percy Chair and Professor in Orthopaedic Surgery, Professor of Biological Chemistry, and Professor of Oncology at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine.〔http://www.jhu.edu/gazette/aprjun96/apr1596/chairs.html〕 Professor Reddi's research played an indispensable role in the identification, isolation and purification of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) that are involved in bone formation and repair.〔(Scientists Succeed In Growing Bone ), ''The New York Times'', Oct. 22, 1996〕〔(Hopkins grows its own bone orchard ), ''The Baltimore Sun'', Jan. 24, 1992〕 The molecular mechanism of bone induction studied by Professor Reddi led to the conceptual advance in tissue engineering that morphogens/metabologens bound to an insoluble extracellular matrix scaffolding act in collaboration to stimulate stem cells to form cartilage and bone.〔Khouri R, Koudsi B, Reddi H. Tissue Transformation Into Bone In Vivo: A Potential Practical Application. Journal of the American Medical Association JAMA. 1991;266(14):1953-1955〕〔Sampath TK, Nathanson MA, Reddi AH. In vitro transformation of mesenchymal cells derived from embryonic muscle into cartilage in response to extracellular matrix components of bone. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1984; 81:3419-23.〕〔(Muscle Is Turned Into Bone By Researchers in St. Louis ), ''The New York Times'', Oct. 9, 1991〕 The Reddi laboratory has also made important discoveries unraveling the role of the extracellular matrix in bone and cartilage tissue regeneration and repair.〔Reddi AH, Gay R, Gay S, Miller EJ. Transitions in collagen types during matrix-induced cartilage, bone, and bone marrow formation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1977; 74:5589-92.〕〔Weiss RE, Reddi AH. Synthesis and localization of fibronectin during collagenous matrix- mesenchymal cell interaction and differentiation of cartilage and bone in vivo. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1980; 77:2074-8.〕〔Sampath TK, Reddi AH. Importance of geometry of the extracellular matrix in endochondral bone differentiation. J Cell Biol 1984; 98:2192-7.〕〔Vukicevic S, Luyten FP, Kleinman HK, Reddi AH. Differentiation of canalicular cell processes in bone cells by basement membrane matrix components: regulation by discrete domains of laminin. Cell 1990; 63:437-45.〕
==Significant research accomplishments==
Professor Reddi discovered that bone induction is a sequential multistep cascade involving chemotaxis, mitosis, and differentiation. Early studies in his laboratory at the University of Chicago and National Institutes of Health unraveled the sequence of events involved in bone matrix-induce bone morphogenesis.〔Reddi, A. H.; Huggins, C. (1972). "Biochemical Sequences in the Transformation of Normal Fibroblasts in Adolescent Rat". PNAS 69 (6): 1601–1605. doi:10.1073/pnas.69.6.1601.〕 Using a battery of ''in vitro'' and ''in vivo'' bioassays for bone formation, a systematic study was undertaken in his laboratory to isolate and purify putative bone morphogenetic proteins.〔Sampath TK, Reddi AH. Dissociative extraction and reconstitution of extracellular matrix components involved in local bone differentiation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1981; 78:7599-603.〕 Reddi and colleagues were the first to identify BMPs as pleiotropic regulators, acting in a concentration dependent manner.〔Reddi AH. Bone and cartilage differentiation. Curr Opin Genet Dev 1994; 4:737-44.〕 They demonstrated first that BMPs bind the extracellular matrix,〔Sampath TK, Reddi AH. Homology of bone-inductive proteins from human, monkey, bovine, and rat extracellular matrix. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1983; 80:6591-5.〕〔Sampath TK, Muthukumaran N, Reddi AH. Isolation of osteogenin, an extracellular matrix-associated, bone- inductive protein, by heparin affinity chromatography. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1987; 84:7109-13.〕〔Paralkar VM, Nandedkar AK, Pointer RH, Kleinman HK, Reddi AH. Interaction of osteogenin, a heparin binding bone morphogenetic protein, with type IV collagen. J Biol Chem 1990; 265:17281-4.〕〔Paralkar VM, Vukicevic S, Reddi AH. Transforming growth factor beta type 1 binds to collagen IV of basement membrane matrix: implications for development. Dev Biol 1991; 143:303-8.〕 are present at the apical ectodermal ridge in the developing limb bud,〔Carrington JL, Chen P, Yanagishita M, Reddi AH. Osteogenin (bone morphogenetic protein-3) stimulates cartilage formation by chick limb bud cells in vitro. Dev Biol 1991; 146:406-15.〕 are chemotactic for human monocytes,〔Cunningham NS, Paralkar V, Reddi AH. Osteogenin and recombinant bone morphogenetic protein 2B are chemotactic for human monocytes and stimulate transforming growth factor beta 1 mRNA expression. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1992; 89:11740-4.〕 and have neurotropic potential.〔Paralkar VM, Weeks BS, Yu YM, Kleinman HK, Reddi AH. Recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2B stimulates PC12 cell differentiation: potentiation and binding to type IV collagen. J Cell Biol 1992; 119:1721-8.〕 His laboratory pioneered the use of BMPs in regenerative orthopedics and dentistry.〔Ripamonti U, Ma S, Cunningham NS, Yeates L, Reddi AH. Initiation of bone regeneration in adult baboons by osteogenin, a bone morphogenetic protein. Matrix 1992; 12:369-80.〕〔Ripamonti U, Heliotis M, van den Heever B, Reddi AH. Bone morphogenetic proteins induce periodontal regeneration in the baboon (Papio ursinus) (erratum appears in J Periodontal Res 1995 Mar;30(2):149-51 ). J Periodontal Res 1994; 29:439-45.〕〔Reddi AH. Role of morphogenetic proteins in skeletal tissue engineering and regeneration. Nat Biotechnol. 1998 Mar;16(3):247-52.〕〔Nakashima M, Reddi AH. The application of bone morphogenetic proteins to dental tissue engineering. Nature Biotechnology. 2003 Sept; 21(9):1025-1032.〕
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